Plot a time series for the mean global tropical (between about +- 23 ̊ Latitude) ocean temperature for all depths below 642.5 m. Note: Q1 dealt with area (2D) averages and here you need to calculate volume (3D) averages

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Plot a time series for the mean global ocean temperature at 642.5 m depth. (1).

2. Plot a time series for the mean global tropical (between about +- 23 ̊ Latitude) ocean temperature for all depths below 642.5 m. Note: Q1 dealt with area (2D) averages and here you need to calculate volume (3D) averages. (1)

3. Plot a time series for the mean Atlantic Ocean bottom temperature. Any reasonable definition of the Atlantic’s spatial limits will be accepted. Note: Ocean bottom and the model’s deepest ocean layer are not the same things. (2)

4. Plot a time series for the mean precipitation over land in the northern hemisphere. Hint: G_mskt would be useful. (1)

5. Generate a mean 2D (depth vs longitude) profile of meridional (N-S) ocean velocity (O_velY) across 29.7 ̊S. (1)

6. Generate and plot a time series of mean oceanic meridional heat transport across 29.7 ̊S in the Atlantic. This can be estimated by v.T.where v is the meridional component of ocean velocity (calculated by Q5 above), a is the area across which the transport is calculated and T ocean temperature. Hint: You can use the routine calcdist.m to help with the area calculation. (3)

7. Did you consider the effects of Earth’s shape on the calculations you performed in questions 1-4? If not redo 3 and 4 taking this into consideration and comment on eventual differences between this and your original efforts. Hints: 1) The data are on a regular lat lon grid. 1) G_areaT would be useful. (2)

Performing the calculating by considering Earth’s shape we have:

The differences in both cases are the reduction in maximum and minimum values which are due to the earth’s shape and also more natural.

8. - G - When compared to what happens in the atmosphere and other oceans at similar latitudes, should there be something peculiar with the direction of the heat transport across a South Atlantic section such as the one used in Q6? Did your results agree with what you were expecting? (1)

The peculiarity is the fact that heat transfer seems to occur in fronts, that is to say, the transfer happens in time intervals and then there is a slow down until the next front, this fact agrees with the result in question 6 as the white area exhibits the heat transfer front being delayed between the two adjacent ones.

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