readFromFile: this function receives the filename (string) and the variable to store the message (string). The function opens the file specified by the first parameter and stores its contents in the variable specified by the second parameter. Finally, the function returns an integer value (0 if the previous operation succeeded or -1 if the function cannot open the file).

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

This assignment goes over topics such as structures and functions

Problem:

Given your good work on the first assignment, you have been promoted as a junior developer of the team of computer scientists developing a fixed-length compression algorithm. In addition, given your knowledge of arrays (static and dynamic), vectors, functions, file I/O, and structures, you are asked to present a modified version of the original project, adding the generation of the codes for the symbols in the alphabet. 

 

Here are the tasks you must complete for this second assignment:

 

Complete the user-defined library "functions.h":

Add the include guard.

Define the following functions:

readFromFile: this function receives the filename (string) and the variable to store the message (string). The function opens the file specified by the first parameter and stores its contents in the variable specified by the second parameter. Finally, the function returns an integer value (0 if the previous operation succeeded or -1 if the function cannot open the file).

 createAlphabet: this function receives the input message (string) and the variable to store the alphabet. The function populates the variable to store the alphabet with the unique characters in the input message, including the symbol, the frequency, and the code. The program sorts the alphabet based on the order in which symbols appear in the input message. To generate the code per symbol, the function assigns the fixed-length binary representation of a positive integer value (starting from 0) to the symbols in the sorted alphabet.

printAlphabet: this function receives the alphabet and prints the information about the symbols in the message. You must print the information about the symbols in the alphabet sorted in increasing order by their first appearance in the input message. You must use the output messages based on the example below.

printHistogram: this function receives the alphabet and prints the information about the frequency of the symbols in the message. You must print the information about the frequency of the symbols in the alphabet sorted in increasing order by their first appearance in the input message. You must use the output messages based on the example below.

printCodes: this function receives the alphabet and prints the information about the codes of the symbols in the message. You must print the information about the codes of the symbols in the alphabet sorted in increasing order by their first appearance in the input message. You must use the output messages based on the example below.

Complete the provided main.cpp file.

Include the user-defined library.

Decide how you are going to store the information about the alphabet. 

Given the following structure:

 

struct symbol

{

    char character;

    int frequency;

    string code;

};

 

You must use this structure to define the variable that holds the information about the alphabet. You are allowed to use a static array, a dynamic array, or a vector of the data type "symbol".

 

Call the user-defined functions readFromFile, createAlphabet, printAlphabet, printHistogram, and printCodes.

Complete the instructions based on the comments in the template file (main.cpp). 

Input:

A string representing the filename. This file has the input message to be compressed.

Example: input1.txt

 

Output:

Assuming that the input1.txt has the following message: AAAABBBCCDDDDDDDE. Then, the expected output is:

 

Message: AAAABBBCCDDDDDDDE

Number of symbols in the alphabet = 5

Characters in the alphabet = A,B,C,D,E

Number of bits per symbol = 3

Histogram showing the frequency of the symbols in the alphabet

A | ****

B | ***

C | **

D | *******

E | *

Fixed-lenght codes of the symbols in the alphabet

A | 000

B | 001

C | 010

D | 011

E | 100

 

NOTES:

You can safely assume that the input will always be valid.

Use the comments available in the template files to complete your solution.

You can define additional functions if needed.

You can add additional parameters to the requested user-defined functions if needed.

The input message may have white spaces. Consider using getline when writing your solution.

You must include the cmath library to use the ceil function and the log2 function.

 

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